講到朝聖,就要先講我最愛的題目:宗教。根據《人的宗教》(Smith, 1991),世上有七大宗教,分別為閃族的基督教、猶太教和回教,中國的儒家與道家,以及發源自印度的印度教和佛教。很多人都知道回教徒五功之一就是要一生人去一次聖城麥加。在 Paulo Coelho 的暢銷書《牧羊少年的奇幻之旅》(Coelho, 1995a) 也有記載。在 Paulo Coelho 的另一本書《朝聖》(Coelho, 1995b) 裏,亦介紹了基督教中世紀時的四條朝聖路線,他稱它們為葵扇之路 (Road of Spade)、紅心之路 (Road of Heart)、梅花之路 (Road of Club) 與方塊之路 (Road of Diamond)。它們分別是去羅馬 (Roma)、耶路撒冷 (Jerusalem)、西班牙的聖地牙哥 (Santiago de Compostela;Santiago 即聖雅各,St. James),以及沒有披露詳情的神秘方塊之路。我倒沒聽說過有人想去山東曲阜的孔廟「朝聖」。始終儒、道比較接近哲學,並不那麼著重內心的神秘經驗。當然,我相信孔子和老子亦有在這方面的領悟,否則就不會說「吾道一以貫之」(論語 4:15),甚至聽韶樂聽到「三月不知肉味」(論語 7:14),只是這並不是他們教育的重點。
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正如湯馬士福音所載,神並不在木石之中 (Thomas 77),朝聖的地方,甚至到那個宗教的聖地,其實並不重要。重要的只是心靈上的沉澱與淨化。希望我在勞累的旅程下能擺脫繁囂的都市,好好收斂心神罷。
Reference:
Coelho, Paulo. (1995a). The alchemist: A fable about following your dream. San Francisco: Harper. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0062502182
Coelho, Paulo. (1995b). The pilgrimage: A contemporary quest for ancient wisdom. San Francisco: Harper. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/006251279X
Smith, Huston. (1991). The world's religions: Our great wisdom traditions. San Francisco: Harper. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0062508113
Miller, R. J. (1995). Gospel of Thomas. The complete gospels: Annotated scholar's version (3rd ed.), pp. 301-322. Polebridge. Retrieved 11 November 2005 from http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0944344496 (see also http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/thomas.htm)
Bibliography:
NHK World Heritage. (2003). Route of Santiago de Compostela. UNESCO World Heritage Site. Retrieved 11 November 2005 from http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/669/
Rudolph, Conrad. (2004). Pilgrimage to the end of the world: The road to Santiago de Compostela. University Of Chicago Press. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0226731278
Sumption, Jonathan. (2003). The age of pilgrimage: The medieval journey to god. Hidden Spring. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1587680254
The confraternity of Saint James. (2005). The history of the pilgrimage. Retrieved 11 November 2005 from http://www.csj.org.uk/history.htm
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