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「後現代主義」反對的,是「現代主義」裏所相信的完全客觀的定律。「後現代主義」認為,所有知識都是我們以我們的語言去記錄的主觀觀察,所以那記錄只會對我們自己,或那「觀察者」有意義,而不能廣泛地套用在每一個情況、每一個人身上。好像心理學家相信,女性抑鬱的機會較高;但在母系社會裏,男性可能會更易患上抑鬱。「後現代主義」特別強調語言的偏差。我讀論語,說孔子見學生宰予在睡午覺,便說:「朽木不可雕也」(5:10);一般人 (如朱熹等) 認為孔子在罵他,獨南懷瑾先生認為孔子是同情他,因他身體不好,不能勉強。在另一處,他更說,「仁者樂山」(6:23),是仁者快樂的時候,像山一樣 (即「仁者樂,山」;古書是沒有標點的),而不是說仁者像羚羊猴子一樣,愛爬山。可見人們交換思想和意見有多難,誤會的機會有多大。「清風不識字,何以亂翻書」都可以解釋成諷刺清帝,褒貶只是存乎一心而已。這個存乎一心,正正就是「唯心論」的基礎。唯心論者認為,不止知識,甚至你所認識的整個客觀世界,其實只是你的想像、你的感覺。於是心理學家研究我們的種種錯覺,便又產生了「完形心理學」(Gestalt Psychology)。那麼,是否我們現今的整個文明都是空中樓閣呢?
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說到底,無論你用什麼語言、在什麼文化裏長大,地球是圓的便是圓的,而娑婆世界,卻還是娑婆世界罷。
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2 則留言:
hi, just find the article by chance. i have no interest in phylosophy but i have to read some for my research. how can i do my research with some delight?
Hi Susie,
How can you do your research with... some "delight"?? Meaning you're forced to hand in a research assignment, right? I believe the key of a successful research lies in the initial passion the researcher has on the topic. If you're completed uninterested, you should better change the topic (or change your degree if situation is severe). Good luck!
Cheers,
Paul.
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